Persuasive Opinion Writing Essay

Compose a reaction for every one of these exercises. Toward the finish of the exercise, click the connection on the last screen to open the Student Answer Sheet. Utilize the example answers to assess your own work. 1.Analyzing Editorials a.Select a paper from this rundown of noticeable papers, and read an assortment of ongoing articles. At that point read a few articles from a couple of extra papers from various pieces of the nation. What do you notice about the article subjects and sentiments chose from various papers all through the nation? Type your reaction here: They all include various methods of tone and language use in the papers. b.Analyze one of the articles you read. Compose a section that responds to these inquiries: †¢What was the subject of the article? †¢What was the author’s position on the theme? †¢How did the creator bolster their assessment? (Give explicit models from the content, for example, realities, statements, and measurements.) Type your reaction here: c.Errors in rationale, or paradoxes, can cause a contention to seem feeble and unconvincing. Find out about great contentions versus paradoxes, and complete the five activities. At that point compose two arguments of your own that depend on misrepresentations, and clarify their consistent blunders. You may browse these misrepresentations: legitimacy issue, post hoc, tricky incline, misrepresentation, irregularity, making one wonder, bogus predicament, illogical conclusion, and dirty pool. Type your reaction here: How could you do? Check a case beneath. 0 Nailed It!â€I incorporated the entirety of indistinguishable thoughts from the model reaction on the Student Answer Sheet. 0 Halfway Thereâ€I remembered a large portion of the thoughts for the model reaction on the Student Answer Sheet. 0 Not Greatâ€I did exclude any of the thoughts in the model reaction on the Student Answer Sheet. Educator Graded Activities Compose a reaction for every one of the accompanying exercises. Check the Evaluation area toward the finish of this archive to ensure you have met the normal measures for the task. At the point when you have completed, present your work to your educator. 1.Write a Letter On the publication page of most papers, you will likewise discover letters that individuals have kept in touch with the editorial manager in light of articles or sentiment sections. Compose a letter to the proofreader expressing your situation on the article you investigated in movement 1b. Your sentiment may concur or differ with the publication. On the off chance that you concur with the author’s feeling, be set up to include further help, (for example, exploration, models, and investigation) to your announcement. Compose your letter in business letter group. Make certain to incorporate aâ clear portrayal of the issue and convincing proof to help your sentiment. Furthermore, make sure to utilize powerful language. Type your reaction here: 2.Debate a Topic Work with a gathering to conceptualize a rundown of current discussion points. Choose which side of the issue you will explore (star or con), and have another understudy take the contrary position. Concede to a chance to hold a false discussion where every one of you will express your situation on the theme and present your supporting examination. Make certain to present your situation in composed structure, and refer to any sources, electronic or print, that you have utilized. Incorporate utilization of powerful systems, for example, stacked words and redundancy, while keeping away from paradox and counter-intuitive deduction in your contention. You might need to include visuals (photos or information tables) to your introduction to make your contention significantly additionally persuading. At the finish of the discussion, survey the crowd to decide their feelings with regards to which side introduced the all the more persuading contention. Type your reaction here: Assessment Your instructor will utilize these rubrics to assess the fulfillment of your work just as the clearness of reasoning you show. Action 2: Write a Letter Measures Recognized (4 points)†¢The subject of the publication and the author’s position are both unmistakably expressed in the letter. †¢The student’s position on the theme is bolstered with at least three explanations of reality or supporting information giving convincing proof. †¢The task is written as a letter with a proper welcome and shutting and a created body. †¢The tone and language of the letter are proficient and powerful. †¢The letter is liberated from language structure, accentuation, and spelling blunders. Capable (3 points)†¢The subject of the publication and the author’s position are both expressed in the letter. †¢The student’s position on the subject is upheld with at least two proclamations of truth or supporting information giving proof that is fairly convincing. †¢The task is written as a letter with a fitting welcome and shutting and a created body. †¢The tone and language of the letter are for the most part proficient and powerful. †¢The letter is for the most part liberated from sentence structure, accentuation, and spelling mistakes. Creating (2 points)†¢The subject of the article and the author’s position are both comprehended, albeit maybe not completely expressed. †¢The student’s position on the subject is bolstered with at least two explanations of reality or supporting information. †¢The task is written as a letter with a welcome, shutting, and body. †¢The tone and language of the letter are to some degree proficient and powerful. †¢The letter contains some language structure, accentuation, and spelling blunders. Starting (1 point)†¢Either the subject of the publication or the author’s position isn't clear or obvious. †¢The student’s position on the point is negligibly upheld. †¢The task is written as a letter, yet either the welcome or the end is absent. †¢The tone and language of the letter are more casual than proficient and are not enticing. †¢The letter contains a few perceptible mistakes in syntax, accentuation, and spelling.

Divorce and Child's Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Separation and Child's Welfare - Essay Example Specifically compelling would be the scholarly exhibition of offspring of separation as far as sex contrast and age. With the associate of social and formative hypotheses, the various contentions can be inspected. The exploration means to discover to confirm that separation influences kids contrarily utilizing connection hypothesis, job hypothesis and frameworks hypothesis as an insightful system. The consequences of the examination are relied upon to yield significant data that can shape the reasonable hypothetical establishment of elective social work mediations to lighten the condition of influenced kids. The sacredness of Matrimony is dependent upon different weights of present day living. A few couples initiated in married happiness just to discover later in the marriage of their failure to adapt to different encumbrances that accompany the bundle. The results of partition as of now profoundly affect couples. What more on youngsters that comes as the result of that association Separation, as per Guttmann (1993), was a side effect of social infection (p.2). The popular's sentiment is isolated. Some would advocate that separation has positive results while others would contend that the predominance of separation just mitigates social rot. Clashing qualities follow between societies that acknowledge separate as a need and societies that think about separation as disintegration of good codes. Social orders that consider separate as an adequate answer for differing couples gave laws that would direct the execution of the separation conditions. Be that as it may, in spite of the nearness of these laws, numerous dads burdened with the money related weight of accommodating the broke down association has created a few negative results. The failure to offer monetary help to the family has left his kids needing financial help. The loss of one parent has put more weights on the family. The single-parent without the advantage of the monetary help from the antagonized life partner is compelled to turn to different intends to help the kids. Beside the loss of monetary help as an outcome of separation, the departure of a parent that ought to have been a piece of the fundamental social unit has put undue weights on the offspring of the association. As of late, a few specialists noticed a decrease in the impacts of association disintegration on kids. Amato (2001) ascribed the decay to the additionally obliging society on the event of separation and the shame related with conjugal disintegration is diminished. Also, outside mediation programs were progressively compelling and open as of late (Brown, Young and Allen 2003). The shame of separation has worn off. Greater part has acknowledged separation as a result of inescapable conditions. Kids ought not be in a family unit where clashes between guardians are a regular event. It will profit the youngsters more in the event that they are expelled from such a situation. The two guardians ought to concede to how

Political Changes in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union Free Essays

In April 1986, Mr. Gorbachev started the perestroika, interpretation â€Å"reconstruction†, which was to end the Cold War that successfully cut down the Iron Curtain. The split among West and East apportioned the world into two sections, yet additionally partitioned the European family for more than 40 years. We will compose a custom article test on Political Changes in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now With the fall of the Soviet Union came numerous progressions that influenced a lot if not the entirety of Europe. Toward the finish of the Brejnev time , the communist coalition was seriously obsolete and far expelled from the contemporary world. The economy was in a ruins, autonomous common society was to a great extent in a state of banishment, and defilement all through and inside the state by means of the Communist Party had gotten amazing. What's more, the USSR needed to dedicate a colossal segment of its spending plan to the military. On the worldwide level, the USSR had lost numerous partners, since its social model end up being decreasingly effective in its trickery, and the disastrous intrusion of Afghanistan (1979 †1989) didn't help in any capacity. It was in this way important to embrace pressing measures, particularly in nations where satellite extremist systems were tested and the USSR no longer hosted the help of nearby socialist gatherings. The appearance of Gorbachev to control denoted the start of the remaking. His initial step on his ascent to control was the halfway freedom of the press, otherwise called glasnost. The principal free papers developed and some significant papers, for example, â€Å"Novii Mir (New World),† Argumenti I Fakti â€Å"(Arguments and Facts) or† Moskovskie Novosti (Moscow News) changed editors. Books prohibited by the Soviet control started to show up in stores. Likewise, films which had been controlled until this time were at long last showing up on the screen. The strategy change was likewise significant. Under Gorbachev, 140 protesters, casualties of Stalinist suppression, were respected and restored. From banish in Gorky, Sakharov, who censured the war in Afghanistan †was discharged. A few restriction political associations developed as a Democratic Union and in 1988 the primary enemy of socialist exhibits occurred. Gorbachev, thinking about the trouble and unpredictability of the political circumstance at that point, attempted at any cost to change the political world class with an end goal to guarantee reproduction. Arrangement frameworks† started and carried new faces to control. â€Å"Without †parties† (ideological groups that were not individuals from the Communist Party) were approved to possess significant situations in state bodies. Also, decisions were acquainted inside the gathering with make chose author ities responsible to its voters. Prior to this time, the gathering introduced a contender for the post and individuals could just give the thumbs up. In spite of this advancement, the USSR couldn't beat the financial and social emergency that hit the nation in the mid 80s. The Soviet framework was not versatile without anyone else and remaking was bound from the beginning. Gorbachev didn't have the political ability to push the ideal changes through. His technique, basically, set off the breakdown of the USSR, which was totally sudden. Perestroika couldn't change the structure of the Soviet economy, and subsequently filled in as a deterrent to changes. All methods for creation were under state control. What's more, industrial facilities supervisors and degenerate authorities needed no matter what to keep the monetary framework that managed them impressive benefit, particularly in a nation where the deficiency of purchaser items was seen in regular daily existence. The political framework, similar to the economy, laid on an establishment of falsehoods. Political pioneers from urban communities and areas created residential and international strategy measurements, utilizing publicity, including the paper â€Å"Pravda† (Truth). This paper was later to turn into an image of Soviet distortion of the efficiency of the socialist state. The Soviet mystery administrations were doing everything to keep individuals from having data esteemed unfortunate; any outside or free press was denied. In propelling his changes, Gorbachev needed to change what was not reformable. Perestroika and glasnost had made the framework delicate, on the grounds that the falsehood was no longer there to daze individuals. Consequently, in 1991 a political framework that had appeared to be indestructible †amazing, everything except vanished from the world political guide. Perestroika was at last the deciding component in the fall of the Iron Curtain. The powers it released, for example, the right to speak freely of discourse (glasnost), by Gorbachev inside his nation hosted ate up the socialist gatherings of Eastern Europe. That was additionally the situation with the fall of the Berlin Wall and ensuing German reunification. The fall of the Berlin Wall was to a great extent accommodated by the green light given by Moscow. Without such endorsement, it would have been most likely a redundancy of the â€Å"coup de Prague† of 1968, as the powers of the Warsaw Pact entered the Czechoslovakian cash-flow to stop the popularity based changes of Dubcek following the Prague Spring. After the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, the reunification of Germany was unavoidable. The non-intercession of Warsaw Pact powers throughout the fall of the Berlin Wall flagged the flare-up of the insurgencies that happened from that point. Somewhere else in 1989 in Eastern Europe, majority rule developments liberated from the tutelage of Moscow out-punched Communism. This is the situation in Romania with the fall of Ceausescu, Czechoslovakia and Poland with the renunciation of the socialist government and the beginning of dealings between General Jaruzelski and the delegates of Solidarnosc. The arrangement of rapprochement between the West elevated by Gorbachev prompted the breakdown of the Warsaw Pact. Having neither the money related assets nor the political will to spare this military partnership, the Soviets proposed in 1988 to cancel the agreement against the disintegration of NATO. In December 1988, Gorbachev and Bush pronounced at a gathering in Malta that the Cold War was finished. Following the fall of socialism in Europe, previous satellites of the Soviet Union decided to join the bound together European family and NATO. Sequentially, in the principal half of 90 years, practically all the nations of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have presented their applications to join the European Union and NATO. For these nations, participation in these structures is as a matter of first importance a political image, to ensure their opportunity and power. European reconciliation additionally implied the arrival of these nations into the European standard as equivalent accomplices and not just as â€Å"little brothers†, similar to the case with the USSR. Since quite a while ago persecuted by a system forced from outside, these nations could at long last guard their inclinations in the law based structure that the European Union offers. Without perestroika, the present reality would not be the equivalent. It is for the most part through this procedure that democratization has been set up in the Central and Eastern Europe and that Europe is not, at this point partitioned in two. Instructions to refer to Political Changes in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union, Papers

Lowering Tuition at Iowa State University Essay example -- Colleges Ed

Bringing down Tuition at Iowa State University The Background of the Costs of Tuition at Iowa State University Iowa State University is a land award school which, in addition to other things, implies that the college gets cash from the province of Iowa from the charges that occupants pay to the state. As a result of this in state inhabitants who decide to go to the college don't need to pay a lot of cash while out-of-state occupants need to pay twice so much. Iowa State University doesn't have correspondence, implying that even occupants from the encompassing states, Minnesota, Illinois, and so on., need to pay full out-of-state educational cost. Out-of-state occupants need to pay about $9000 per year for educational cost, while Iowa inhabitants pay just about $2500 every year. (See fig1 for semester costs) Undergrad Cost of Attendence Fig1. Semester Cost Resident Non-Resident Tution $1393 $4673 Room/Board $2085.50 $2085.50 Books/Supplies $342 $342 Fees $109 $109 TOTAL $3,929.50 $7,209.50 Source: Iowa State University Homepage, www.iastate.edu/~fin_aid_info Educational cost assists with paying for the entirety of the administrations and projects of a University. Be that as it may, a few colleges put more cash into a couple of projects or schools to make them more grounded territories of study inside the college. Not all schools or divisions all through a college have a similar nature of classes or offices. For instance, Iowa State University contributes a lot of their cash in the building and agrarian projects thus expands the nature of those projects. This is the manner by which understudies pick which college is best for them. An understudy puts together his choice with respect to what school to go to by seeing what programs a specific universit... ...more data and email locations of the workplaces go to the Iowa State University website page at www.iastate.edu. From that point you will have the option to arrive at any office or branch of the University. Simply remember that it is the student’s occupation to voice their conclusions to the University, and it is the university’s employment to tune in. Without us, there is no Iowa State! Works Cited Hauser, Andrea. Officials Increase Tuition by 4.3 Percent. Iowa State Daily 22 Oct. 1999: 1. Iowa State University Office of Financial Aid. (No date). The amount Does It Really Cost? [Online]. (1998). Accessible http: http://www.iastate.edu/~fin_aid_info/General Topics/cost.html [1999, October 29]. Iowa State University Office of Institutional Research. (No date). ISU Fact Book [Online]. (1998-1999). Accessible http: http://www.iastate.edu/~inst_res_info/factbk.html [1999, October 29].

Political Science - What common features of small states Foreign Essay

Political Theory - What basic highlights of little states Foreign Policy recognize it the most from Great forces Foreign Policy - Essay Example International strategy has further undertones with expressed and un-expressed targets that a nation to attempts to satisfy through political, financial, military, and discretionary methods. Senior member Rusk cited via Seabury, deciphers international strategy as a â€Å"galaxy of muddled factors.† Hoffman cited via Seabury too observes the ebb and flow image of universal relations as â€Å"the emergency of complexity†. He feels that in the previous century the sheer element of universal balance has increased. States have added essentially to these measurements with various signs of international strategy under changing arrangement of conditions. International strategy is a dependant variable molded by inner force designs of the state (Wagner). As such international strategies of little Asian, African, and Latin American states have international strategies have changed with changes in the residential force structures. Littler states are progressively helpless against h ousehold and universal changes as they demonstrate more noteworthy propensity to change international strategy. Researchers have examined the progressions in international strategies of countries and dichotomised the global conduct of extraordinary and little countries. Reiter, for instance, induces how a little and an incredible force gain from their encounters of war to chalk to out their international strategies. East for instance refers to Roseau’s perception that the size of a country assumes an extraordinary job in making of its international strategy. Little states never have lasting and broadened interests in worldwide field as large powers. Other than contemplating international strategy based on ‘greatness’ and ‘smallness’ international strategies have been concentrated as opposed to tyrant systems, conventional or present day social orders or in phases of monetary turn of events (Pfaltzgraff,1974).

How to Write Proposal Essay Outline

How to Write Proposal Essay Outline A proposal essay is one of the least frequently assigned academic papers, but one that you are likely to be assigned at least once over the years spent at college. A proposal essay differs from other papers in that it has some non-academic value: if you learn to introduce your proposals and support their feasibility with evidence and calculations, you are likely to use this skill extensively in your professional life. Even in everyday interactions, being able to lobby your proposals is a skill worth having. In this article, we’d like to go over the fundamentals of compiling the proposal essay outline, as well as provide some recommendations on writing the paper in general. What is a proposal essay? A proposal essay is exactly what it seems to be â€" a paper in which you make a proposal or offer a solution to a problem, providing information that proves that such proposal or solution are worth considering. Proposals are used quite frequently in business and economic circles, so you will do good by acquiring this skill while still at college. A proposal paper is not that different from the rest, but it does have some distinctive features to accommodate the very nature of proposal writing. Get ready for writing Before you even start outlining your paper, take some time to go over preparation steps. Know who you are writing for and what they will expect This step should not be omitted even if your audience is just the professor who assigned this paper. You know the person who will be reading your work â€" what will they expect? How will they evaluate the feasibility of your proposal? Take time to recall and note down all the possible requirements that might be set to your paper, even if they haven’t been included in the prompt. And of course, if you are writing for a business audience, it will be a much, MUCH more important step to take. Do the background research Even before you start digging deeper to justify the proposal you’re making, it is important to get to know the field and industry you are writing about. This is known as background research â€" gathering information that you need to have to decide where to dig deeper. You can try skipping this step, but it will hardly benefit you in the long run. Proposal components Generally, the proposal you are making should include a few elements: A proposal of a specific action that is designed to solve a certain problem of your audience Reasons why the problem is significant and how your proposal will help to solve it (evidence) Possible counterarguments to your proposal and their refutation In non-academic circles, a proposal can be accompanied with a cover letter that introduces such proposal to the person receiving it. Helpful tip If you are free to choose the problem that your proposal should address, try going with a relatively small issue. Global problems require more efforts and research to solve, and your college paper can accommodate only so much. Besides, the narrower you go, the more specific your solution will be. Generally, the more details your proposal paper provides, the better, so don’t get tempted with the global overpopulation issue and the like. Choosing outline for proposal essay Only general recommendations can be given here, as more specific requirements will be set by the person assigning a proposal essay or the organization accepting it. Generally, you should include the following general chapters: Introduction This chapter is designed to describe how your proposal was developed, as well as introduce the subject. Some universities may require you to keep the description of the problem to a minimum of one sentence. Others allow a more detailed description. As in many other papers, the introduction serves to underline the significance of the problem and to tell your readers why they should care at all. The attention hook should also be used to draw your readers into reading from the very first sentence. The brief description of your proposal will serve as a thesis statement to build all the other chapters on. Proposal Plan of Action In this chapter, describe your solution in maximum detail. It can be useful to include the following information: related expenditure (how much will it cost to implement what you are proposing?); responsible persons (who will have to work to implement it and who will be controlling it?); the difficulty of implementation (how many stages of implementation will there be?); the timeframe of implementation (how long will it take?); the resources required for implementation. In describing the steps to take, don’t forget to explain how they are related and how taking one measure will lead to the necessity of taking another one. Your proposal should be a cohesive set of measures, an algorithm, even if the measures might seem random at the first glance. Make sure to address possible problems that might occur on the way and specify ways to address them. It will illustrate your in-depth research of the issue at hand. Predicted Outcomes In this chapter, provide a more detailed overview of how the problem will be solved. How will the results obtained contribute into resolution exactly? Conclusion refutation of opposing points of view Sum up your proposed solution and call out other proposals, stating why yours is more effective. Do not add any new information, simply revisit the points you have already offered. Bibliography Include the works you have cited directly or those that you used for developing your proposal and cite them according to the selected style. Final Thoughts The key criteria that will be used to evaluate your proposal is how well you know the issue you are writing about. That’s why you’ll have to do extensive research on the topic. Solutions to problems that might seem to be lying on the surface must have already been offered, and if you go with one of the obvious solutions, it will prove your lack of information. When writing outline for proposal essay and then writing the first draft, be specific, dig deeper, and provide as many details as possible â€" this is the only right algorithm of writing a decent proposal paper.

‘The mundane’ in the short stories of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf - Literature Essay Samples

‘How readily our thoughts swarm upon a new object, lifting it a little way, as ants carry a blade of straw so feverishly, and then leave it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Virginia Woolf’s The Mark on the Wall suggests a number of ways of considering the mundane in literature. The line both isolates ‘thought’ from ‘object’ and shows them to be fundamentally connected. It communicates interplay between physical and mental reality, yet, at the same time, Woolf makes it clear that their relationship is abstract and subject to the ‘swarm’ of the thousand different ‘thoughts’ that surround them. Emily Dalgarno writes of ‘a kind of power’ in Woolf’s writing ‘to see beyond the horizon of ordinary perception.’ The Mark on the Wall is concerned with this perception, as it explores the distinction between the world of individual thoughts and the mundane reality from which they stem. This symbiosis between objects and sign is central to Joyce’s Dubliners. Here, Joyce constructs conflict as his characters are unable to perceive one thing, in the same way, imbuing the mundane with significance as banal reality gives way to individual interpretation. In order to examine the role of the mundane, it is necessary to define and clarify the term. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the ‘mundane’ denotes ‘belonging to the earthly world, as contrasted with heaven’ a meaning that had later come to describe the ‘ordinary’ or ‘commonplace.’ The mundane then is to do with physical experience. If taking Kant’s understanding of the sublime as ‘a feeling of the superiority of our own power of reason, as a supersensible faculty, over nature’ mundane experience appears to rest in direct opposition to this. Unlike the expansion of thought connected to the sublime, the mundane is concerned with tangible experience indicating involvement with the ‘earthly world’ over a metaphysical exercising of reason. In the opening paragraph of The Boarding House, Joyce establishes a sense of the mundane that pervades the short story. His language is corporeal, describing physical attributes and action as opposed to contemplation. Joyce objectively introduces his protagonist, Mrs Mooney, informing his reader of her relations with the estranged husband from the removed perspective of third-person narrative; ‘One night he went for his wife with the cleaver and she had to sleep in a neighbour’s house.’ The line is imbued with references to the physical; the setting of a butcher’s shop, the bodily need for sleep, and the inferred image of hacking through flesh all root the passage in ‘the earthly world.’ However, what makes this sentence so curious is the tone of banality created by Joyce’s syntax. Here, the verbs ‘went for’ and ‘sleep’ are pre-modified by similar pronouns. This constructs a strange situation in which sleeping a nd attempted murder hold the same syntactic status; a balance concretised by the equal syllables on either side of Joyce’s conjunction. Thus, the sentence fulfils both definitions of the mundane as a descriptive sentence that combines the physical world with the common place. However, Joyce makes it clear that reality, as understood by his characters, is not confined to physical experience. His language is descriptive yet it is equally astute; moving into the minds of his characters through the use of free indirect discourse. Thus, a reader can access the internal perceptions that disclosed from the other characters. Mrs Mooney’s conception of herself as a ‘woman who was quite able to keep things to herself’ (p71) runs parallel to the doubts that pervade the mind of her lodger, Mr Doran, giving a complexity to the narrative as it indicates the contrasting ways in which the physical events are experienced. This emphasis on perception is intriguing as it provokes a shift from the mundane to the subjective. In his Essay on the Sublime, John Baillie constructs an extensive investigation of the sublime. His language is eulogistic, praising the sublime as the mind’s ‘consciousness of its own vastness.’ Baillie is referenc ing the sense of ‘elevation’ attached to rational thought yet the ‘vastness’ of consciousness is intriguing on a number of levels. Whilst The Boarding House is rooted in palpable life, it is essentially to do with the shifting and wholly immaterial perceptions of its characters. Consciousness then dominates the work. However, rather than depend on lofty contemplations, it is drawn from the mundane. Thus, a strange situation is created in which ‘consciousness’ is as present in the mundane as it is in the sublime. This symbiosis between what is seen and what is thought draws us back to Woolf’s The Mark on the Wall. Woolf’s language is expansive, following the stream-of-conscious of her narrator’s meditation on the nature of human identity. Woolf asks us to ‘Suppose the looking glass smashes’ and leaves only ‘the shell of a person which is seen by other people.’ (p79) ‘Shell’ is important here; it emphasises the significance of internal reality and connects the language to the ‘snail’ that the ‘mark’ is discovered to be. The very anatomy of a snail denotes internal significance as its hidden and vital being is contained within such a ‘shell.’ Here, we may recall Woolf’s famous assertion in Modern Fiction that ‘if the writer were a free man and not a slave†¦he could base his writing upon his own feeling and not upon convention.’ ‘Feeling’ and personal contempla tion are at the heart of The Mark on the Wall as the story is driven by consciousness over narrative. Fletcher and Bradbury remark that Woolf is ‘†¦Paterian enough to believe that consciousness is itself aesthetic,’ likening her use of stream of consciousness to a ‘kind of poeticized subjective vision†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This notion is intriguing as it more readily connects Woolf’s writing to Baillie’s understanding of the sublime than to her subject of the mundane ‘mark’; denoting a preoccupation with thought that is remote from physical experience. Yet, Woolf does not sever consciousness from the material world but shows them to be fundamentally connected. In The Mark on the Wall, she sustains the narrator’s reflection with the ‘small round mark†¦above the mantelpiece’ (p77) Here, Woolf’s narrator imbues the mundane with its own significance. Her narrator’s belief that ‘it can’t have been for a picture, it must have been for a miniature’ (p77) draws the reader’s attention to the ‘powdered curls, powder-dusted cheeks’ of the portrait of a ‘lady’(p77) for whom the mark may have been made. Thus, a single mark acquires its own history and its own personal narrative. In elevating the narrative status of the ‘mark,’ Woolf challenges the classical understanding of the sublime as superior to the mundane. In his Course in General Linguistics, Saussure argues that in binary pairs, one side tends to hold authority over the other. To se t out a strong generalisation, it can be suggested that the sublime has been frequently favoured over the mundane within the canon of pre-twentieth-century literature. Baillie’s Essay on the Sublime compounds this preference as it suggests that literature that aspires to ‘lofty’ ‘genius’ is the holder of ‘the truly excellent and great manner.’ The imagination of Woolf’s character is motivated by the mundane yet it forms a platform for human reason. This creates a strange symbiosis in which characteristics typical of the ‘sublime’ are dependent on the banality of physical existence. This is equally explored in The Boarding House. Here, the mental activity of Joyce’s characters is not polemical to the mundanity of their situations but is drawn from the world in which they operate. Joyce compounds this dynamic in the final part of the story in which Mooney’s daughter Polly contemplates her relationship with Mr Doran. In this passage, the mundane takes on its own significance as her ‘secret amiable memories’ (p79) are drawn directly from the sight of her ‘pillows.’ This relationship between object and thought is intriguing in that it transforms individual perception into a form of semiotics. Polly’s reverie is sustained by the ‘cool iron bed-rail,’ its pressure and shape taking on phallic symbolism for both Polly and the reader alike. Thus, Joyce demonstrates interdependence between the mundane and the world of thought as the banal is imbued with individual significance; with its own ‘secret’ language. The Boarding House describes symbiosis between mundanity and thought. However, Joyce makes it clear that the same perceptions cannot be derived from the same object. In The Dead, Joyce distinguishes the characters of Gabriel and his wife Gretta by their contrasting reactions to the same piece of music. The music itself is unsuccessful; its singer is ‘as hoarse as a crow’ (p229) and it finishes abruptly. Yet, for both Gabriel and Gretta, the melody is imbued with connotation and reflection. However, sense of conflict is created as the event provokes contrary emotions in the two characters. Whilst for Gabriel, the music evokes tender memories of his wife and provokes his desire for her, for Gretta it forms a direct link with her past lover, a ‘boy’ whom she believes to have ‘died for [her]’ (p238) and whose loss she bitterly laments. Gabriel responds internally to this confession with bitterness; ‘While he had been full of memories of their secret life together, full of tenderness and joy and desire, she had been comparing him in her mind with another.’(p238) Strikingly, the ‘tenderness’ ‘joy’ and ‘desire’ that colour Gabriel’s perception are immaterial experiences that belong more to the language of the sublime than to banal existence. This correlates with his fantasy of ‘run[nning] away together with wild and radiant hearts’ (p233) expressed earlier in the narrative, with Joyce’s free indirect discourse indicating that the metaphor is constructed by the character’s mind rather than by the author alone. The reflection then deals with a fear of the mundane and with the desire to escape prosaic ‘duties’ (p233) Gabriel is filled with exalted passion and the possibility that he may be interferer is relation to another, suggests a banality of character that is too much to bear. Joyce constructs an intriguing binary between a craving for the sublime and the mundane nature of existence. Gabriel’s desire for the immaterial is dependent on physical interaction; he longs to ‘†¦cry to her from his soul, to crush her body against his, to overmaster her.’ (p235) Joyce’s sentence is characterised by binary opposites; the physical and the metaphysical, power and submission, the masculine and the feminine. However, these characteristics are not distinct but depend on one another for clarification. Thus, the desire for a connection of the soul is expressed through sexual desire just as the wish to ‘overmaster’ Gretta is indicative of Gabriel’s inability to assume control. The paradox of Gabriel’s desire thus lies in the analogous relation between the mundane and the desire for transcendence as the very contemplation of ‘soul’ relies on the binary of physical existence. This symbiosis between physical and metaphysical perception is echoed in Virginia Woolf’s Kew Gardens. The story is concerned with memory yet it depends on the material; employing objects to communicate the emotions of its characters. Just as Gabriel’s spiritual and physical desires depend on one another, the unnamed ‘man’ (p84) in Woolf’s story contains his memory of an unsuccessful marriage proposal within objects. Whilst the restless movements of the ‘square silver buckle’ on the shoe of his companion communicates ‘what she was going to say’ the ‘love,’ and ‘desire’ of the man ‘were in the dragonfly.’(p85) Here, Woolf creates a strange situation in which the passions of her character are so contained within the physical world that ‘if the dragonfly settled on the leaf she would say â€Å"Yes.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p85) This absorption of emotion into mundane objects brings us back to Joyce’s The Dead. Strikingly, Joyce’s free indirect discourse is limited to Gabriel’s inner conflict, making the thoughts of his wife accessible only through their dialogue. Here, a key point is raised about the elusive nature of language in expressing the metaphysical. Gabriel seeks to share his ‘soul,’ yet is unable to express himself. Here, the mundane suggests a form of oppression as the boundaries of language confines Joyce’s character to the physical world. The impossibility of moving beyond the prosaic can equally be seen in Woolf’s The Mark on the Wall as her narrator’s attempts to explore the complexities of human existence are ultimately and inevitably confined to the mundane.